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APRIL
LEOPOLD SULERJITSKI'S section at the Museum of the Moscow Art Theatre, where he was the Dramaturge. Artistic Director Konstantin Stanislavski contributed to the Doukhobor migration fund at the request of Lev Tolstoy while 'Suler' accompanied them to 'America'.
www.larrysdesk.com/changing-faces-of-doukhobor-culture.html
www.larrysdesk.com/changing-faces-of-doukhobor-culture.html
MARCH
JANUARY
THIS IS A SKETCH FROM A COMMISSIONED CALENDAR by William Perehudoff, famous Doukhobor artist, [1919-2013], born at Langham, Saskatchewan. William studied at the Colorado Springs Fine Arts Centre and with Amadie Ozenfont in New York, attended Emma Lake Workshops under Barnet, Cherry, Greenberg and Noland and studied graphic arts processes at the Carnegie Institute of Technology, Pittsburgh. He was represented in the sixth Biennial of Canadian Painting and the “Jubilee Exhibition". Exhibitions include The Canadian Society of Painters, The Saskatchewan Society of Painters, The Montreal Spring Shows, The Saskatchewan Arts Board Shows, The Colorado Artists Guild and The Winnipeg Biennial Exhibition. He was also presented the Gold Medal of Achievement at the Banff Centre. His well known paintings hang in famous galleries and museums, including the Doukhobor Discovery Centre, to which he donated this valuable painting, which he and then Curator, Larry Ewashen, decided would be called : Doukhobor Skirt.
See more:
spirit-wrestlers.blogspot.ca/search?q=William+Perehudoff
COLLAPSE OF THE C. C. U. B.
There is no doubt that Peter Verigin's death marked the beginning of the end for the Christian Community of Universal Brotherhood. Trying to expand when they should have been conserving, the management took out loans and put the corporation into jeopardy by allowing the entire holdings as collateral. A combination of reduced markets due to the depression, shrinking membership and losses through unsuccessful investments as well as continuing arson saw the community sink into the vortex of economic collapse.
The C.C.U.B. Trust Fund is the financial remnant of the once flourishing Christian Community of Universal Brotherhood. Brought to its knees in 1938 through foreclosure action, some resources of this one time exceptionally successful communal enterprise, the largest in North America, remained as a legacy to the present day Doukhobor societies. After the devastating foreclosure action by Sun Life Assurance, the Canadian Imperial Bank and Crown Life over the outstanding $300,000 interest owing, the B. C. government negotiated a settlement by paying $280,000 on the debt, and thus became owners of the entire C. C. U. B. holdings. In June of 1980, the Doukhobors of Canada C. C. U. B. Trust Fund was proclaimed by the Government of Saskatchewan. The stated intent of the fund was to further the culture and heritage of the Doukhobors in Canada. Now the interest from the remaining fund is doled out yearly to various applying Doukhobor societies.
More: www.larrysdesk.com/the-ccub-trust-fund.html
THE DEATH OF PETER V. VERIGIN
In the only address at the grave side, business confidante and friend Max Baskin said, in part; "Verigin died, but his work will never die. His memory will live in your hearts and your deeds. Remembering his ideal, you will go forward in the ray of progress on the well made path which he has led you to follow."
One of the pathways which led to nowhere was the investigation concerning this calamitous event. The mysterious explosion which ended the earthly days of Peter Verigin and eight other unfortunate passengers has been one of Canada's enduring mysteries since 1924. How and why this assassination was carried out has baffled serious investigators, Doukhobors and scholars alike. In 2006 this writer assisted the University of Victoria Law School to set up a web site exploring the entire event and various theories connected to it:
www.canadianmysteries.ca/sites/verigin/home/indexen.html
SEE MORE: www.larrysdesk.com/who-killed-peter.html
British Columbia Settlement
After the duplicitous seizure of improved lands in Saskatchewan in 1906, over 5,000 Doukhobors migrated to the Kootenay and Boundary area of British Colombia between 1908 and 1913. The initial settlement was called Dolina Ootishenie, the Valley of Consolation, so named by Peter Verigin. This is the largest migration ever within Canada and in 2008 was declared a National Historic Event, achieved while I was Curator at the Doukhobor Discovery Centre.
At the same time, Peter V. Verigin was proclaimed a person of National Historical Significance for his dynamic role as spiritual and temporal leader of the community.
The Christian Community of Universal Brotherhood incorporated in 1917 under Dominion charter and capital of $1,000,000.
Land purchases began with the 1908 initial purchase of 2,800 acres at Ootishenie. By 1924, this had grown to 21,648 acres in British Columbia and nearly 50,000 in Alberta and Saskatchewan. The Doukhobors were the founding pioneers of the area near Castlegar, which had a population of about 200 when they arrived. Doukhobors' achievements in this second 'golden period' were many. Outstanding accomplishments included the famous Kootenay-Columbia Preservation works and many industries such as lumber mills and brick yards.
They built roads and bridges, concrete reservoirs and irrigation facilities, and planted tens of thousand of fruit trees. In 1913 they built the famous Doukhobor Suspension Bridge near Castlegar, now a designated Historic Site of Canada.
See more: www.larrysdesk.com/-the-doukhobor-suspension-bridge.html
www.larrysdesk.com/the-ccub-trust-fund.html
www.larrysdesk.com/peter-v-verigin--migration-commemoration.html
With rumours of impending homestead cancellation and eviction from their hard won settlements, the Doukhobors were once again in a state of anxiety and confusion as to their future. Peter Verigin announced that he had been successful in negotiating a land deal in British Columbia, where the climate was milder and fruit could be grown. If they bought the land, they would not have to swear the oath of allegiance, and they could continue to live communally. Meetings were held in all villages and about two thirds of the Doukhobors resolved to move. Between 1908 and 1913, over 5,000 Doukhobors arrived in the Kootenays where they pioneered a new land and became the founding, primary settlers once again. In 2008, thanks to this writer, this move was proclaimed as an event of National Historic Importance by the Federal government. Peter V. Verigin was also declared a Person of National Historical Significance.
See more: www.larrysdesk.com/queen-victoriafrank-oliverjames-mavormove-to-bc.html
www.larrysdesk.com/peter-v-verigin--migration-commemoration.html
SASKATCHEWAN SETTLEMENT
Settlement in Assiniboia developed quickly and by 1902 resulted in 62 villages and cultivation of over 250,000 acres. The Canadian government provided three reserves in what is now Saskatchewan totaling some 750,000 acres for Doukhobor occupation. To accommodate communal settlement the 'Hamlet Clause' allowed them to satisfy the residence requirements of the Dominion Land Act. This ended in 1907 when the new Minister of the Interior, Frank Oliver, cancelled the Hamlet Clause in favour of enforcing the Homestead Act. The new regime also required an intention to become a citizen which meant swearing the oath of allegiance to the Crown and paying a registration fee.
Taking such an oath to 'defend the king' was a requirement that would have changed the Doukhobor migration plans had they heard about it before coming to Canada. Now, most, of them thought that such an oath would lead to a negation of exemption from military service. On June 1, 1907, the new regulations were enforced and some 2500 homesteads were cancelled representing approximately 300,000 acres of improved land.
See:
www.larrysdesk.com/sklandseizure.html
www.larrysdesk.com/queen-victoriafrank-oliverjames-mavormove-to-bc.html
www.larrysdesk.com/oath--bc-move-verigins-watch-gmo-speech-tolstoy-quotestudents--peace.html
Settlement in Assiniboia developed quickly and by 1902 resulted in 62 villages and cultivation of over 250,000 acres. The Canadian government provided three reserves in what is now Saskatchewan totaling some 750,000 acres for Doukhobor occupation. To accommodate communal settlement the 'Hamlet Clause' allowed them to satisfy the residence requirements of the Dominion Land Act. This ended in 1907 when the new Minister of the Interior, Frank Oliver, cancelled the Hamlet Clause in favour of enforcing the Homestead Act. The new regime also required an intention to become a citizen which meant swearing the oath of allegiance to the Crown and paying a registration fee.
Taking such an oath to 'defend the king' was a requirement that would have changed the Doukhobor migration plans had they heard about it before coming to Canada. Now, most, of them thought that such an oath would lead to a negation of exemption from military service. On June 1, 1907, the new regulations were enforced and some 2500 homesteads were cancelled representing approximately 300,000 acres of improved land.
See:
www.larrysdesk.com/sklandseizure.html
www.larrysdesk.com/queen-victoriafrank-oliverjames-mavormove-to-bc.html
www.larrysdesk.com/oath--bc-move-verigins-watch-gmo-speech-tolstoy-quotestudents--peace.html
LANDING IN HALIFAX 1899:
Once official word was received that negotiations had been completed satisfactorily with the Canadian government, Doukhobors embarked for Canada from the port of Batum. On December 6, 1898, a Canadian Order in Council exempted Doukhobors from military service under the Conscientious Objector Act which Canada had previously enacted for the benefit of Quakers, Mennonites and Tunkers. Other conditions negotiated were: 'land in a bloc' and 'control of internal affairs'. With these conditions agreed upon, the Lake Huron and the Lake Superior, commercial ships converted for passenger use, each made two trips. Approximately 7,500 Doukhobors arrived for settlement in the Assiniboia Territory of Canada between December 23, 1898 and June 21st, 1899.
See: www.larrysdesk.com/queen-victoriafrank-oliverjames-mavormove-to-bc.html
www.larrysdesk.com/peter-v-verigin--migration-commemoration.html
Once official word was received that negotiations had been completed satisfactorily with the Canadian government, Doukhobors embarked for Canada from the port of Batum. On December 6, 1898, a Canadian Order in Council exempted Doukhobors from military service under the Conscientious Objector Act which Canada had previously enacted for the benefit of Quakers, Mennonites and Tunkers. Other conditions negotiated were: 'land in a bloc' and 'control of internal affairs'. With these conditions agreed upon, the Lake Huron and the Lake Superior, commercial ships converted for passenger use, each made two trips. Approximately 7,500 Doukhobors arrived for settlement in the Assiniboia Territory of Canada between December 23, 1898 and June 21st, 1899.
See: www.larrysdesk.com/queen-victoriafrank-oliverjames-mavormove-to-bc.html
www.larrysdesk.com/peter-v-verigin--migration-commemoration.html